La Biennale Architettura di Venezia 2021: How will we live together?
Cover photo: Courtesy of La Biennale di Venezia
To start with
The latest Venice Architecture Biennale should have taken place in 2020, yet sharing the fate of Art Basel Hong Kong, Burning Man and other major events 'lucky enough’ to be set for the pandemic year, it was moved for 2021. Well, it finally happened. Meet the 17th edition of the International Architecture Exhibition, running through 21 November 2021, whose inauguration ceremony was held in late May. Speaking in numbers, the exhibition features 112 Participants from 46 countries, 61 National Participations, 17 collateral events except for the special projects. Titled ‘How will we live together?’, the project is curated by Hashim Sarkis, Lebanese architect, Professor and Dean of the School of Architecture and Planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
La Biennale Architettura di Venezia. Source_ Archinect .JPG
Reading curator’s mind
Regarding the forced shift of the event, Hashim Sarkis seems to have no regrets at this point, finding the downtime essential for reflecting upon the subject chosen. It's quite amusing that the theme of the current edition formulated as an open question had been selected some time before it would go mainstream (I refer here to all that chaos and confusion caused by the year odd of the COVID-19 pandemic). Just like the title of the 58th International Art Exhibition, which sounds like ‘May you live in interesting times’, ‘How will we live together?’ has recently taken on a new importance — and it has certainly acquired some fresh meanings.
Hashim Sarkis, the curator of the biennial. Image_ Brice Vickmark. Source_ ArchDaily
Some details
By raising such a controversial question, the curator of the biennial doesn’t expect to hear any single and explicit answer, rather preferring to merge into harmony with a choir of voices. Of course, it’s not the politicians, but the architects, artists, researchers, and other intellectual and creative forces who are given the floor this time. The main exhibition venues of Biennale di Venezia, the Arsenale and the Giardini, proudly host the subsections, of which there are five: Among Diverse Beings (Arsenale), As New Households (Arsenale), As Emerging Communities (Arsenale), Across Borders (Giardini, Central Pavilion), and As One Planet (Giardini, Central Pavilion), each bringing us closer to the cherished solution. No shortage of debutants in 2021: Grenada, Iraq, and the Republic of Uzbekistan took part in the event for the first time.
Uzbekistan, ‘Mahalla_ Urban Rural Living’. Image_ Giorgio De Vecchi and Giulia Di Lenarda. Source_ Dezeen
A very special programma speciale
Apart from the five scales presented in the Giardini and the Arsenale, the project covers a series of research stations or Stations, where worldwide universities delve deep into the issue, as well as Co-Habitats, spaces for experiments by prominent artists like Olafur Eliasson and Giuseppe Penone. Special projects and collateral events are meant to give space to even more voices including those of emerging talents (Young European Architects exhibition/Young Talent Architecture Award) and the biennial long-time collaborators (Victoria and Albert Museum presenting ‘Three British Mosques’ at the Pavilion of Applied Arts).
Three British Mosques’, Applied Arts Pavilion Special Project by V&A Museum. Image_ Andrea Avezzù. Courtesy_ La Biennale di Venezia.
Let’s play, let’s dance
More recently attached to the biennial venue, Forte Marghera displays an interesting spin-off in the exhibition concept, which reads like ‘How Will We Play Together?’ and features a rather childish (in its best, play-and-learning sense) approach to the outworld and urban space. An icing for the cake would be an intersection of the 17th International Architecture Exhibition with its first cousin, the 15th International Festival of Contemporary Dance in the last week of July. Curated by the world-famous choreographer Wayne McGregor, the participants of the dance festival will focus on reinterpreting the meanings and ideas embodied in the architecture exhibit through short choreo pieces, call them ‘snapshots’ or “sketches’.
La Biennale Danza 2021 takes off on July 23. Courtesy_ La Biennale di Venezia
Calling on the curator once again
But back to the exhibition concept. Besides the names of the scales prompting the curator’s intentions and aspirations within the project, Hashim Sarkis literally spells out the essence of his thoughts in the curatorial statement. ‘We need a new spatial contract’, he writes, implying the dominant importance of such an agreement. So, how will we live together? And here Sarkis unpacks the query: each of the five words constituting the question (which is, by the way, open, not a rhetorical one) marks the proper lines of thinking we as visitors might pursue. The approach can be referred to while exploring the architectural gems of the biennial. What kind of hint does a particular work give us? How do its authors answer the curator’s question?
Courtesy_ La Biennale di Venezia
H O W
The question ‘How?’ implies both specific responses (methods of improving our co-existence on this planet here and now) and general ideas, which more relate to strategic thinking. Surely, it wouldn’t have been without the role of an architect and architecture in this <supposed> section.
Reconstructing a dismantled house means altering its original appearance, for which multiple architects gather and create new forms from the old ones, that’s how diversity meets collaboration (Japan, ‘Co-ownership of Action: Trajectories of Elements’). And it’s architecture that should finally take on the role of an agent, actively shaping the environment in response to the challenges of our time, such as economic crises and climate change (Turkey, ‘Architecture as Measure’).
07. Turkey, ‘Architecture as Measure’. Source_ pavilionofturkey21.iksv.org
However, those for whom the architects do their best can also change their attitude, becoming more involved and qualified in terms of using the medium. ‘What if the inhabitants try acting on their living environment daily?’ wonders the team from the Pavilion of Finland (Aalto) in the ‘New Standards’ project. Another highly practical response to the question is given by the UAE Pavilion (‘Wetland’): the project group sought to reproduce the Sabkha ecosystem, natural salt flats nascent to the United Arab Emirates, which represent an eco-friendly alternative to Portland cement.
United Arab Emirates, ‘Wetland’. Image_ Laurian Ghinitoiu. Source_ ArchDaily
In contrast to the previous solution, the installation ‘Uncertainty’ by Spain features a very broad, nebulous (the title suggests that), yet attractive concept. Deemed essential for the creative process, uncertainty might even sound positive, when one has to deal with some complex, cross-disciplinary issues. In interesting times like now we need uncertainty to come up with some innovative strategies (no doubt, that accounts for both social actions and architecture, which intersect, in fact).
Spain, ‘Uncertainty’. Image_ Laurian Ghinitoiu. Source_ ArchDaily
W I L L
It’s in the air, we are going futuristic here. How will we communicate, study, resist the pressure of digital tech and at the same time interact with it? German architects respond by drawing a bigger picture: ‘2038: The New Serenity’ is a utopian vision of the upcoming years touched by sterility. Is there still anything to look forward to, now that fundamental rights, decentralization, and self-sustainment of the systems have triumphed, radical democracy prevails, and all thanks to big data.
Germany, ‘2038. The New Serenity by 2038’. Image_ Laurian Ghinitoiu. Source_ ArchDaily
Latvia’s architects are less optimistic in this regard: they insist, today architecture needs a human perspective, to escape from the ‘techno-nonsense’ and enable a liveable coexistence of humans and technology (‘It’s not for you! It’s for the building’). Meanwhile, some forms of reflection on the homo digitalis era look rather inventive:
e.g. ‘Planet of People’ project by the Lithuanian Space Agency comes as an astro-disciplinary initiative to shape a satellite from the bodies of individuals, while the ‘Entanglement’ exhibition in the Irish Pavilion represents the digital as the material, in all its blinding glory (hint — it’s about a bonfire).
Lithuania, ‘Lithuanian Space Agency Presents Planet of People’. Image_ lithuanianspace.agency
Somewhat less pathetic, but still exciting is the project ‘Future School’ by the Korean Pavilion. The phenomenon of a traditional educational institution is being reconsidered — right on the air. Workshops, lectures, performances, and other events on the theme will enjoy regular broadcasts from Seoul, where they will be running parallel to the Venice exhibition for all 25 weeks.
Republic of Korea, ‘Future School’. Image_ fsvb2020.kr
W E
It’s the ‘Who is we?’ installation by the Dutch Het Nieuwe Instituut that may initiate the subject of usness. Not until we define who we are, eliminating the irrelevant narratives that still design our existence, we should pursue transforming the urban environment and life around us.
Netherlands, ‘Who is we_’. Photo_ Francesco Galli. Source_ Archinect
The self-identification is also possible through the prism of local culture and, obviously, architectural heritage of some countries. ‘American Framing’ (United States of America), ‘Mahalla Urban Living’ (Republic of Uzbekistan), ‘Yuan-er’ (China) are the projects that don’t only celebrate the national cultural-historic context, but also suggest sharing domestic ideas globally for the good of all mankind.
United States of America, ‘American Framing’. Photo_ Francesco Galli. Source_ Archinect
L I V E
Probably, the most embracing category from all. While architecture is primarily deemed about living, within the biennale display we also consider different aspects of the process, such as modes of living, forms of spatial organization etc. Needless to say, generating concepts is one thing (it’s yet to be brought to life, which may not be easy), but that’s half the battle.
First, architects preoccupied with the question seek expanding common areas, which ideally should be not only accessible to the public, but also convenient, cosy, and interactive. Something like a dream house, right? That’s what the Pavilion of Argentina thought of, while creating La casa infinita (The infinite house), an endless interconnected space that in some way reminds of a traditional Argentine housing, but, in fact, represents the entire world.
Argentina, ‘La casa infinita‘. Image_ Laurian Ghintoiu. Source_ ArchDaily
Less abstract in their thoughts, Great Britain and Singapore have come up with some enchanting (both for their concepts and design) solutions for co-existing, While ‘The Garden of Earthly Delights’ in the British Pavilion suggests new models of privately owned public space in cities, the ‘to gather: The Architecture of Relationships’ exhibition demonstrates the power of common areas and collective actions on the example of pure Singaporean hawker centres, where locals usually meet for a lunch.
Singapore, ‘to gather_ The Architecture of Relationships’. Source_ to-gather.sg
Talking about public space seems impossible without mentioning the category of borders. In this section architects try imagining an ideal living space within the status-quo territory of borders (Switzerland, ‘Oræ – Experiences on the Border’) or even removing the restraints, fences and gates, turning them into a playground (Peru, Playground: Artifacts for interaction). However, it’s not just borders that make us keep distance: global contingencies like the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic call for some restrictions in respect to traveling and close encounters, and thereby a fragile balance between the enforced isolation and the lifesaving accommodation becomes our responsibility (Saudi Arabia, ‘Accomodations’).
Switzerland, ‘Oræ – Experiences on the Border’. Photo_ KEYSTONE_Gaetan Bally, Mounir Ayoub, Vanessa Lacaille. Source_ ArchDaily.
In this context it’s also interesting to look at the growth prospect of the countryside. Often underestimated and used as a ‘reserved airfield’ for the needs of the center, rural areas (by the way, prevailing in most countries of the former Soviet Union) deserve proper attention and a fresh debate with respect to their future. That’s what the Polish project ‘Trouble in Paradise’ and the ‘Space Wars’ (Kuwait) are about.
Poland, ‘Trouble in Paradise’. Image_ Laurian Ghinitoiu. Source_ ArchDaily
T O G E T H E R
When we say ‘together’, we usually mean each other, limiting our field of cooperation and interaction to humans only. Yet in that case, we overlook the diversity of living forms on the Earth and deplete our own existence. Living side by side with animals has occupied the history of human civilization in large part, so now it’s time we finally reconsidered the accumulated experience (Thailand, ‘elephant’; Israel, ‘LAND. MILK. HONEY. Animal Stories in Imagined Landscapes’).
Israel, ‘LAND. MILK. HONEY. Animal Stories in Imagined Landscapes’. Source_ Floornature Architecture & Services
Living in harmony with our planet is just as important as connecting with fauna. The ‘Conexión’ project in the Pavilion of the Dominican Republic demonstrates a perfect example of natural architecture, a garden inside the church, which, in unison with the wabi-sabi (a.k.a. beauty in decay) world view, doesn’t only reflect the specificity of the Caribbean landscape, but also links the mundane and spiritual realms of existence. In that light, the metaphor of water presented by Denmark within the ‘con-nect-ed-ness’ exhibition appears as a beautiful final note for the entire concept of the section.
Dominican Respublic, ‘Conexión’. Source_ conexion-rd.live
? [q u e s t i o n m a r k]
Keep in mind, it’s not just a rhetorical question, but an issue to thoroughly think about in the near future.
So how will we live together?
While we, invigorated and puzzled by the question, withdraw to consider it, Hashim Sarkis gives us another hint, a last and very substantial one. The Special Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement in memoriam at the Biennale Architettura 2021 goes to… Lina Bo Bardi (1914—1992), not only a world-famous modernist architect, but also a designer, editor, curator, and activist. The example of Bo Bardi perfectly illustrates the curator’s vision of an architect, who might serve as a ‘cordial convener and custodian of the spatial contract’. Perhaps, following the suit of those who successfully pieced together the tapestry of their own lives (and made it shine to the world), we may come up with new concepts of happily living together.
P.S. There is still plenty of time left to attend the exhibition. However, if you doubt making it down to the event, La Biennale Architettura di Venezia has a kind of consolation prize for you: enjoy a series of high-resolution sneak pics from the National Pavilions as well as the other locations with the comfort of home on the biennial website: labiennale.org/en/architecture/2021/17th-international-architecture-exhibition. Here you can learn in detail about the show.